A Case Study on ESG Performance: Brand Equity, Brand Love and Brand Respect in a South Korean Ski Resort
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24917/20801653.384.2Keywords:
Ski Tourism, ESG performance, Brand equity, Brand love, Brand respectAbstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the structural relationships between the environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance of ski resorts and their brand equity value, encompassing brand awareness, perceived quality, brand associations and brand loyalty, as well as how these factors influence brand love and brand respect. Design/Method/Approach: To achieve this a web‑based survey was conducted, and after eliminating outliers, data from a total of 390 responses were analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS statistical software packages. Findings: The research findings indicate a positive correlation between the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance of ski resorts and brand equity (comprising brand awareness, perceived quality, brand associations and brand loyalty). Moreover, within this relationship, there is a positive correlation between brand equity and the concepts of brand love and brand respect. Conclusions/ Recommendation: This study reveals that in the ski resort industry, superior environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance significantly enhances brand equity dimensions such as brand awareness, perceived quality, brand associations and loyalty. Additionally, the enhancement of these brand equity di‑ mensions further elevates consumer brand love and respect, highlighting their critical role in the branding of ski resorts. Originality/Value: This research underscores the significant impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance on enhancing brand equity within the ski resort industry, linking sustainable practices to improved brand perception and loyalty. It provides valuable insights for industry stakeholders, demonstrating the tangible benefits of integrating ESG considerations into strategic and marketing initiatives, thereby enriching the literature on sustainable business practices in tourism.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Aaker, D.A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity. Free Press.
Andereck, K.L. (2009). Tourists’ perceptions of environmentally responsible innovations at tourism businesses. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(4), 489–499. doi: https://doi. org/10.1080/09669580802495790
Aranda‑Cuéllar, P., López‑Morales, J.M., Such‑Devesa, M.J. (2021). Winter tourism dependence: A cyclical and cointegration analysis. Case study for the Alps. Tourism Economics, 27(7), 1540–1560. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620932007
Aro, K., Suomi, K., Saraniemi, S. (2018). Antecedents and consequences of destination brand love—A case study from Finnish Lapland. Tourism Management, 67, 71–81. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.01.003
Bae, G.‑K., Lee, S.‑M., Luan, B.‑K. (2023). The Impact of ESG on Brand Trust and Word of Mouth in Food and Beverage Companies: Focusing on Jeju Island Tourists. Sustainability, 15(3), 2348. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032348
Bai, Z., Zhang, Y. (2021). Sustainability of Ski Tourism in China: An Integrated Model of Skiing Tourists’ Willingness to Pay for Environmental Protection. Sustainability, 13(16). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168883
Banerjee, A., Dasgupta, R. (2021). Cooking a socially responsible image for the urban consumers: Does it work with the cooking oil brands? Social Responsibility Journal, 17(1), 127–148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ‑01‑2018‑0012
Berard‑Chenu, L., Francois, H., Morin, S., George, E. (2022). The deployment of snowmaking in the French Ski Tourism industry: A path development approach. Current Issues in Tourism. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2151876
Bergkvist, L., Bech‑Larsen, T. (2010). Two studies of consequences and actionable antecedents of brand love. Journal of Brand Management, 17(7), 504–518. doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/ bm.2010.6
Boufounou, P., Moustairas, Ι., Toudas, K., Malesios, C. (2023). ESGs and Customer Choice: Some Empirical Evidence. Circular Economy and Sustainability. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s43615‑023‑00251‑8
Broadstock, D.C., Chan, K., Cheng, L.T.W., Wang, X. (2021). The role of ESG performance during times of financial crisis: Evidence from COVID‑19 in China. Finance Research Letters, 38, 101716. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101716
Carroll, B.A., Ahuvia, A.C. (2006). Some antecedents and outcomes of brand love. Marketing Letters, 17(2), 79–89. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002‑006‑4219‑2
Chen, C.‑F., Chang, Y.‑Y. (2011). Impact of brand awareness, perceived quality and customer loyal- ty on brand profitability and purchase intention: A resellers’ view. Retrieved from: https:// www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatiha‑Dilmi‑2/publication/334362416_mqal_alastthmar_ fy_rasmal_allamt_altjaryt/links/5d258ac6a6fdcc2462d071ad/mqal‑alastthmar‑fy‑rasmal‑ allamt‑altjaryt.pdf (access: 15.11.2024).
Chen, S., Song, Y., Gao, P. (2023). Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and financial outcomes: Analyzing the impact of ESG on financial performance. Journal of Environmental Management, 345, 118829–118829. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen‑ vman.2023.118829
Chen, Y.‑S., Lin, C.‑Y., Weng, C.‑S. (2015). The Influence of Environmental Friendliness on Green Trust: The Mediation Effects of Green Satisfaction and Green Perceived Quality. Sustainability, 7(8), 10135–10152. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810135
Christodoulides, G., Cadogan, J.W., Veloutsou, C. (2015). Consumer‑based brand equity meas‑ urement: Lessons learned from an international study. International Marketing Review, 32(3/4), 307–328. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR‑10‑2013‑0242
Christodoulides, G., De Chernatony, L., Furrer, O., Shiu, E., Abimbola, T. (2006). Conceptualising and Measuring the Equity of Online Brands. Journal of Marketing Management, 22(7–8), 799–825. doi: https://doi.org/10.1362/026725706778612149
Dang, V.T., Nguyen, N., Pervan, S. (2020). Retailer corporate social responsibility and consum‑ er citizenship behavior: The mediating roles of perceived consumer effectiveness and consumer trust. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 55, 102082. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102082
Dar, R.A., Rashid, I., Romshoo, S.A., Marazi, A. (2014). Sustainability of winter tourism in a chang‑ ing climate over Kashmir Himalaya. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(4), 2549–2562. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661‑013‑3559‑7
De Oliveira, M.O.R., Silveira, C.S., Luce, F.B. (2015). Brand equity estimation model. Journal of Business Research, 68(12), 2560–2568. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbus‑ res.2015.06.025
Dunbar, K., Treku, D., Sarnie, R., Hoover, J. (2023). What does ESG risk premia tell us about mutual fund sustainability levels: A difference‑in‑differences analysis. Finance Research Letters, 57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104262
Esendemirli, E., Saygili, A.T. (2014). Transparency and Disclosure: Public Company Reporting and Corporate Inputs, 117–140. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978‑3‑642‑45167‑6_7
ESG Reporting Guide 2019. (2019). Retrieved from: https://www.athexgroup.gr/documents/ 10180/5665122/ENG‑ESG+REPORTING+GUIDE/28a9a0e5‑f72c‑4084‑9047‑503717f2f3ff (ac‑ cess: 16.11.2024).
Falk, M. (2015). The sensitivity of tourism demand to exchange rate changes: An application to Swiss overnight stays in Austrian mountain villages during the winter season. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(5), 465–476. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.810610
Filieri, R., Yen, D.A., Yu, Q. (2021). #ILoveLondon: An exploration of the declaration of love to‑ wards a destination on Instagram. Tourism Management, 85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. tourman.2021.104291
Firend, A.R., Alvandi, S. (2015). Brand Awareness and Consumer Loyalty in Malaysia. Research Journal of Social Sciences, 8(6).
Gaa, J. C. (2009). Corporate Governance and the Responsibility of the Board of Directors for Strategic Financial Reporting. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(S2), 179–197. doi: https://doi. org/10.1007/s10551‑010‑0381‑9
Giovanis, A., Athanasopoulou, P. (2018). Understanding lovemark brands: Dimensions and effect on Brand loyalty in high‑technology products. Spanish Journal of Marketing – ESIC, 22(3), 272–294. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME‑07‑2018‑0035
Godfrey, P.C. (2005). The Relationship Between Corporate Philanthropy And Shareholder Wealth: A Risk Management Perspective. Academy of Management Review, 30(4), 777–798. doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.18378878
Ha, M.‑T., Ngan, V.T.K., Nguyen, P.N.D. (2022). Greenwash and green brand equity: The mediating role of green brand image, green satisfaction and green trust and the moderating role of in‑ formation and knowledge. Business Ethics, the Environment, Responsibility, 31(4), 904–922. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12462
Hawes, J.M. (ed.). (2015). Proceedings of the 1989 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Springer International Publishing. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978‑3‑319‑ 17055‑8
He, X., Jing, Q., Chen, H. (2023). The impact of environmental tax laws on heavy‑polluting en‑ terprise ESG performance: A stakeholder behavior perspective. Journal Of Environmental Management, 344. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118578
Hidayanti, I., Nuryakin, Management Department Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Farida, N., Economics and Business Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia. (2018). A study on brand commitment and brand trust towards brand loyalty of branded laptop in Indonesia. Journal of Business, Retail Management Research, 12(03). doi: https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/V12IS03/ART‑25
Jahanvi, J., Sharma, M. (2021). Brand respect: Conceptualization, scale development and vali‑ dation. Journal of Business Research, 132, 115–123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbus‑ res.2021.04.016
Jing, H. (2007). The Study on Ski Traveling in the Northeast District. The Border Economy and Culture. Retrieved from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The‑Study‑on‑Ski‑ Traveling‑in‑the‑Northeast‑Jing/87df1adae5aab629dc963a8b691882733f80088d (access: 12.11.2024).
Johari, R.J., Hadi, M.T.H.M., Rashid, N. (2018). A Revisited Note on Internal Audit Function and Good Corporate Governance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12), 716–728.
Karam, A.A., Saydam, S. (2015). An Analysis Study of Improving Brand Awareness and Its Impact on Consumer Behavior Via Media in North Cyprus (A Case Study of Fast Food Restaurants), 6(1).
Keller, K.L. (1993). Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer‑Based Brand Equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700101
Khuong, M.N., Tram, V.N.B. (2015). The Effects of Emotional Marketing on Consumer Product Perception, Brand Awareness and Purchase Decision – A Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(5), 524–530. doi: https://doi. org/10.7763/JOEBM.2015.V3.240
Kim, H., Kim, W.G. (2005). The relationship between brand equity and firms’ performance in lux‑ ury hotels and chain restaurants. Tourism Management, 26(4), 549–560. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.03.010
Kim, S.H., Jeon, D.H., Jeon, H.M. (2021). Well‑being perception and lovemarks formation through experiential value in the context of the eco‑friendly restaurant. British Food Journal, 123(12), 4264–4283. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ‑02‑2021‑0136
Kim, S.‑H., Kim, M., Holland, S., Townsend, K.M. (2021). Consumer‑Based Brand Authenticity and Brand Trust in Brand Loyalty in The Korean Coffee Shop Market. Journal Of Hospitality, Tourism Research, 45(3), 423–446. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020980058
Krzesiwo, K., Mika, M. (2023). A tourist business in a state of sustained uncertainty. An explor‑ atory study of barriers to ski resort development in Poland. Current Issues In Tourism. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2203850
Kuo, Y.‑F., Hou, J.‑R. (2017). Oppositional brand loyalty in online brand communities: Perspectives on social identity theory and consumer‑brand relationship. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 18, 254–268.
Liao, S.‑H., Hu, D.‑C., Chou, H.‑L. (2022). Consumer Perceived Service Quality and Purchase Intention: Two Moderated Mediation Models Investigation. SAGE Open, 12(4), 21582440221139469. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221139469
Lu, J., Xiao, X., Xu, Z., Wang, C., Zhang, M., Zhou, Y. (2022). The potential of virtual tourism in the re‑ covery of tourism industry during the COVID‑19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(3), 441–457. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1959526
Martaleni, M., Hadiyati, E., Isna Pertiwi, Y., Nyoman Kerti Yasa, N. (2021). Role of tourist moti‑ vation as mediating variable on visitor decisions at Indonesian tourism village. Innovative Marketing, 17(3), 88–98. doi: https://doi.org/10.21511/im.17(3).2021.07
Martínez, P., Nishiyama, N. (2019). Enhancing customer‑based brand equity through CSR in the hospitality sector. International Journal of Hospitality, Tourism Administration, 20(3), 329–353. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2017.1397581
Matos, P. (2020). ESG and Responsible Institutional Investing Around the World: A Critical Review. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3668998
Mihalič, T. (2000). Environmental management of a tourist destination. Tourism Management, 21(1), 65–78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261‑5177(99)00096–5
Mishra, P. (2018). Relationship between Brand Equity and Corporate Governance Disclosures: A Study of Top 20 Brands in India. Business and Economics Journal, 9(2). doi: https://doi. org/10.4172/2151–6219.1000355
Mohammad, W.M.W., Wasiuzzaman, S. (2021). Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) dis‑ closure, competitive advantage and performance of firms in Malaysia. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 2, 100015. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesys.2021.100015
Molinillo, S., Japutra, A., Nguyen, B., Chen, C.‑H.S. (2017). Responsible brands vs active brands? An examination of brand personality on brand awareness, brand trust, and brand loyalty. Marketing Intelligence, Planning, 35(2), 166–179. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP‑04‑ 2016‑0064
Moscovici, D. (2022). Ski Resort Closures and Opportunities for Sustainability in North America. Land, 11(4), 494. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040494
Mzoughi, P.N., Ahmed, R.B., Ayed, H. (2010). Explaining The Participation In A Small Group Brand Community: An Extended TRA. Journal of Business, Economics Research (JBER), 8(8). doi: https://doi.org/10.19030/jber.v8i8.748
Namkung, Y., Jang, S. (2013). Effects of restaurant green practices on brand equity formation: Do green practices really matter? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 85–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.06.006
Narula, R., Rao, P., Rao, A.A. (2023). Impact of ESG on firm value: A conceptual review of the liter‑ ature. Journal Of Social And Economic Development. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847‑ 023‑00267‑8
Nguyen Viet, B., Nguyen Anh, T. (2021). The role of selected marketing mix elements in consumer based brand equity creation: Milk industry in Vietnam. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 27(2), 72–88. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2021.1892007
Niedermeier, M., Ruedl, G., Burtscher, M., Kopp, M. (2019). Injury‑Related Behavioral Variables in Alpine Skiers, Snowboarders, and Ski Tourers – A Matched and Enlarged Re‑Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20), 3807. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203807
Oyenuga, M., Ahungwa, A., Onoja, E. (2021). Effect of Brand Equity on Consumer Behaviour Among Students of Veritas University, Nigeria: A Study of Apple Smartphones. Marketing and Branding Research, 8(1), 48–64. doi: https://doi.org/10.33844/mbr.2021.60329
Papadopoulos, N., Cleveland, M., Bartikowski, B., Yaprak, A. (2018). Of countries, places and prod‑ uct/brand place associations: An inventory of dispositions and issues relating to place im‑ age and its effects. Journal of Product, Brand Management, 27(7), 735–753. doi: https://doi. org/10.1108/JPBM‑09‑2018‑2035
Pervaiz, M. (2023). A netnographic qualitative inquiry of antecedents and outcomes of online brand engagement. Journal of Business Administration and Management Sciences, 5(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.58921/jobams.5.1.90
Purnamabroto, D.F., Susanti, N., Cempena, I.B. (2022). The Influence of Word of Mouth, Service Quality, and Brand Image on Consumer Loyalty through Brand Trust in PT. Virama Karya (Persero) Surabaya. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 6(8), 89–107. doi: https://doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2022.6807
Rabaya, A.J., Saleh, N.M. (2022). The moderating effect of IR framework adoption on the rela‑ tionship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure and a firm’s com‑ petitive advantage. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(2), 2037–2055. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668‑021‑01519‑5
Ramadhan, M.A., Mulyany, R., Mutia, E. (2023). The irrelevance of R&D intensity in the ESG dis‑ closure? Insights from top 10 listed companies on global Islamic indices. Cogent Business, Management, 10(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2187332
Rice, H., Cohen, S.A., Scott, D. (2022). Perceptions of climate change risk and sustainable adapta‑ tions in the Swedish ski industry. Journal Of Sustainable Tourism. doi: https://doi.org/10.1 080/09669582.2022.2151858
Roberts, K. (2004). Lovemarks: The future beyond brands. Landfall, 208, 184–189.
Rodríguez‑Molina, M. A., Frías‑Jamilena, D. M., Del Barrio‑García, S.,, Castañeda‑García, J.A. (2019). Destination brand equity‑formation: Positioning by tourism type and message consistency. Journal of Destination Marketing, Management, 12, 114–124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jdmm.2019.03.010
Rossiter, J.R. (2012). A new C‑OAR‑SE‑based content‑valid and predictively valid measure that distinguishes brand love from brand liking. Marketing Letters, 23(3), 905–916. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11002‑012‑9173‑6
Ruedl, G., Burtscher, M., Wolf, M., Ledochowski, L., Bauer, R., Benedetto, K.‑P., Kopp, M. (2015). Are self‑reported risk‑taking behavior and helmet use associated with injury causes among skiers and snowboarders?: Ski helmet and risk‑taking behavior. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine, Science in Sports, 25(1), 125–130. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12139
Sahin, Ö., Bax, K., Czado, C., Paterlini, S. (2022). Environmental, Social, Governance scores and the Missing pillar—Why does missing information matter? Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(5), 1782–1798. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2326
Sahoo, S., Kumar, A., Upadhyay, A. (2023). How do green knowledge management and green tech‑ nology innovation impact corporate environmental performance? Understanding the role of green knowledge acquisition. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(1), 551–569. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3160
Sari, N.N., Fauzi, A., Rini, E.S. (2021). The Effect of Electronic Word of Mouth (E‑Wom) and Brand Image on Repurchase Intention Moderated by Brand Trust in the Garuda Indonesia Airline. International Journal of Research and Review, 8(9), 81–91. doi: https://doi.org/10.52403/ ijrr.20210912
Scott, D., Dawson, J., Jones, B. (2008). Climate change vulnerability of the US Northeast winter recreation‑ tourism sector. Mitigation And Adaptation Strategies For Global Change, 13(5–6), 577–596. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027‑007‑9136‑z
Scott, D., Steiger, R., Rutty, M., Knowles, N., Rushton, B. (2021). Future climate change risk in the US Midwestern ski industry. Tourism Management Perspectives, 40. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100875
Severi, E., Ling, K.C. (2013). The mediating effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand im‑ age and perceived quality on brand equity. Asian Social Science, 9(3), 125. doi: https://doi. org/10.5539/ass.v9n3p125
Shang, Z., Luo, J.M., Kong, A. (2022). Topic Modelling for Ski Resorts: An Analysis of Experience Attributes and Seasonality. Sustainability, 14(6). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063533
Shen, Y., Huang, S., Choi, H.‑S.C., Morrison, A.M. (2021). Does brand love matter to casual restau‑ rants? A multi‑group path analysis. Journal Of Hospitality Marketing, Management, 30(5), 630–654. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2021.1867282
Shih, C., Nicholls, S., Holecek, D.F. (2009). Impact of Weather on Downhill Ski Lift Ticket Sales. Journal Of Travel Research, 47(3), 359–372. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287508321207
Shin, Y.H., Im, J., Moon, H. (2023). An Investigation of the Relationships Among Marketing Mix Variables and Brand Equity Dimensions: State‑Branded Food Products. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality, Tourism, 1–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/152800 8X.2023.2230613
Shuv‑Ami, A. (2016). A new scale of brand lovemarks. Sinergie Italian Journal of Management, 35, 85–102.
Shuv‑Ami, A., Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A. (2018). Brand Lovemarks Scale of Sport Fans. Journal of Promotion Management, 24(2), 215–232. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2017.1360824
Song, S., Kim, H.‑Y. (2022). Is social media marketing worth it for luxury brands? The dual im‑ pact of brand page satisfaction and brand love on word‑of‑mouth and attitudinal loyalty intentions. Journal of Product, Brand Management, 31(7), 1033–1046. doi: https://doi. org/10.1108/JPBM‑06‑2020‑2936
Steiger, R., Posch, E., Tappeiner, G., Walde, J. (2022). Seasonality matters: Simulating the impacts of climate change on winter tourism demand. Current Issues In Tourism. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2097861
Steiger, R., Scott, D. (2020). Ski Tourism in a warmer world: Increased adaptation and re‑ gional economic impacts in Austria. Tourism Management, 77, 104032. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104032
Steiger, R., Scott, D., Abegg, B., Pons, M., Aall, C. (2019). A critical review of climate change risk for Ski Tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(11), 1343–1379. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1 3683500.2017.1410110
Steiger, R., Stoetter, J. (2013). Climate Change Impact Assessment of Ski Tourism in Tyrol. Tourism Geographies, 15(4), 577–600. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2012.762539
Su, X., Xu, A., Lin, W., Chen, Y., Liu, S., Xu, W. (2020). Environmental Leadership, Green Innovation Practices, Environmental Knowledge Learning, and Firm Performance. SAGE Open, 10(2), 215824402092290. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020922909
Sujanska, L., Nadanyiova, M. (2023). Sustainable Marketing and its Impact on the Image of the Company. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 14(2), 51–57. doi: https://doi. org/10.21272/mmi.2023.2–06
Sulheim, S. (2006). Helmet Use and Risk of Head Injuries in Alpine Skiers and Snowboarders.
JAMA, 295(8), 919.doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.8.919
Taheri, B., Thompson, J. (2020). Generating socially responsible events at ski resorts. International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102695
Tang, A.K.Y., Lai, K., Cheng, T.C.E. (2012). Environmental Governance of Enterprises and their Economic Upshot through Corporate Reputation and Customer Satisfaction. Business Strategy and the Environment, 21(6), 401–411. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1733
Tasci, A.D.A., Denizci Guillet, B. (2011). It affects, it affects not: A quasi‑experiment on the transfer effect of co‑branding on consumer‑based brand equity of hospitality products. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 774–782. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijhm.2010.12.009
Tseng, H.‑T., Lo, C.‑L., Chen, C.‑C. (2023). The Moderation Role of AI‑Enabled Service Quality on the Attitude Toward Fitness Apps: Journal of Global Information Management, 31(1), 1–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.318694
Unbehaun, W., Pröbstl, U., Haider, W. (2008). Trends in winter sport tourism: Challenges for the future. Tourism Review, 63(1), 36–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/16605370810861035
Vaghefi, S.A., Muccione, V., van Ginkel, K.C.H., Haasnoot, M. (2021). Using Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU) approaches to support climate change adaptation of Swiss Ski Resorts. Environmental Science, Policy, 126, 65–78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envs‑ ci.2021.09.005
Wan, G., Dawod, A.Y., Chanaim, S., Ramasamy, S.S. (2023). Hotspots and trends of environ‑ mental, social and governance (ESG) research: A bibliometric analysis. Data Science and Management, 6(2), 65–75. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsm.2023.03.001
Wang, J., Wang, J., Gao, J. (2020). Effect of Green Consumption Value on Consumption Intention in a Pro‑Environmental Setting: The Mediating Role of Approach and Avoidance Motivation. SAGE Open, 10(1), 215824402090207. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020902074
Wang, L., Yang, L. (2023). Environmental, social and governance performance and credit risk: Moderating effect of corporate life cycle. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 80. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2023.102105
Wang, S., Liao, Y.‑K., Wu, W.‑Y., Le, K.B.H. (2021). The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions in Brand Equity, Brand Credibility, Brand Reputation, and Purchase Intentions. Sustainability, 13(21). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111975
Willibald, F., Kotlarski, S., Ebner, P.P., Bavay, M., Marty, C., Trentini, F.V., Ludwig, R., Gret‑ Regamey, A. (2021). Vulnerability of Ski Tourism towards internal climate variability and climate change in the Swiss Alps. Science Of The Total Environment, 784. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147054
Wobus, C., Small, E.E., Hosterman, H., Mills, D., Stein, J., Rissing, M., Jones, R., Duckworth, M., Hall, R., Kolian, M., Creason, J., Martinich, J. (2017). Projected climate change impacts on skiing and snowmobiling: A case study of the United States. Global Environmental Change, 45, 1–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.04.006
Yang, J., Yang, R., Sun, J., Huang, T., Ge, Q. (2017). The Spatial Differentiation of the Suitability of Ice‑Snow Tourist Destinations Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation Model in China. Sustainability, 9(5), 774. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050774
Yang, Y., Xu, G., Li, R. (2023). Official Turnover and Corporate ESG Practices: Evidence from China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(18), 51422–51439. doi: https://doi. org/10.1007/s11356‑023‑25828‑6
Yu, J., Chua, B.‑L., Lee, S., Kim, W. (2019). Impact of core‑product and service‑encounter quali‑ ty, attitude, image, trust and love on repurchase: Full‑service vs low‑cost carriers in South Korea. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31. doi: https://doi. org/10.1108/IJCHM‑05‑2018‑0376
Yuliansyah, A., Handoko, T.D. (2019). Pengaruh Perceived Quality dan Perceived Value terh‑ adap Brand Loyalty melalui Customer Satisfaction J‑Klin Beauty Jember. COSTING : Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting, 2(2), 292–301. doi: https://doi.org/10.31539/cost‑ ing.v2i2.560
Zahid, M., Naqvi, S.U.‑U.‑B., Jan, A., Rahman, H.U., Wali, S. (2023). The nexus of environmental, social, and governance practices with the financial performance of banks: A comparative analysis for the pre and COVID‑19 periods. Cogent Economics, Finance, 11(1). doi: https:// doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2183654
Zhang, Z., Zheng, L. (2021). Consumer community cognition, brand loyalty, and behaviour inten‑ tions within online publishing communities: An empirical study of Epubit in China. Learned Publishing, 34(2), 116–127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1327
Zulvianti, N., Aimon, H., Abror, A. (2022). The Influence of Environmental and Non‑Environmental Factors on Tourist Satisfaction in Halal Tourism Destinations in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(15), 9185. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159185
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons License (CC BY-ND 4.0; Attribution– NoDerivs).
