Is innovativeness influenced by proactiveness and risk-taking? Evidence from Poland based on structural equation modelling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24917/20801653.371.5Keywords:
Entrepreneurial orientation, innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, international entrepreneurship, internationalization of the firm, Poland, SEMAbstract
This article focuses on entrepreneurial orientation in a firm’s internationalisation process, which is one of the leading research trends in international entrepreneurship. The objective of the study is to verify the relationship between proactiveness, risk-taking and innovativeness as components of the entrepreneurial orientation of internationalised Polish firms. The article answers the main research question of how proactiveness and risk-taking influence innovativeness as an interrelated three-dimensional construct of entrepreneurial orientation. We present the results of a study based on a stratified sampling of 355 internationalised Polish firms. Structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) demonstrated a positive effect of proactiveness (PROACT) and risk-taking (RISK) on innovativeness (INNO) as an interrelated three-dimensional construct of entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, the level of proactiveness (PROACT) and risk-taking (RISK) explained 32% of the variation in innovativeness (INNO), which is high in social sciences, including business studies.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Akbar, F., Khan, R.A., Wadood, F., & Bin Bon, A.T. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation dimension affects firm performance: A perspective from the Malaysian furniture industry. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 8(4), 157–181. doi: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2020.08
Al-Hakimi, M.A., Borade, D.B., & Saleh, M.H. (2022). The mediating role of innovation between entrepreneurial orientation and supply chain resilience. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 14(4), 592–616. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-10-2020-0376
Al-Mamary, Y.H., & Alshallaqi, M. (2022). Impact of autonomy, innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness on students’ intention to start a new venture. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(4),100239. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100239
Alvarez, S.A., & Barney, J.B. (2017). Resource-based theory and the entrepreneurial firm. In: M.A. Hitt, R.D. Duane Ireland, S.M. Michael Camp, & D.L. Sexton (eds.), Strategic Entrepreneurship: Creating a New Mindset, 87–105. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405164085.c
Anderson, B.S., Kreiser, P.M., Kuratko, D.F., Hornsby. J.S., & Eshima. Y. (2015). Reconceptualizing entrepreneurial orientation. Strategic Management Journal, 36(10), 1579–1596. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2298
Antoncic, B., & Hisrich, R.D. (2001). Intrapreneurship: Construct refinement and crosscultural validation. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(5), 495–527.
Basso, O., Fayolle, A., & Bouchard, V. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation: The making of a concept. Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 10(4), 313–321.
Benazzouz, N.M. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientation and innovation intensity: A synthetic literature review. International Entrepreneurship Review, 5(2), 23–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.15678/IER.2019.0502.02
Bhatt, A., Rehman, S.U., & Rumman, J.B.A. (2020). Organizational Capabilities Mediates between Organizational Culture, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Organizational Performance of SMEs in Pakistan. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 8(4), 85–103. doi:https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2020.080405
Boojihawon, D.K., Dimitratos, P., & Young, S. (2007). Characteristics and influences of multinatinal subsidiary entrepreneurial culture: The case of the advertising sector. International Business Review, 16(5), 549–572.
Boso, N., Oghazi, P., & Hultman, M. (2017). International entrepreneurial orientation and regional expansion. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 29(1–2), 4–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2016.1255430
Calantone, R., Garcia, R., & Droge, C. (2003). The effects of environmental turbulence on new product development strategy planning. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 20(2), 90–103. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540–5885.2002003
Cámara, F.J.R. (2018). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Export Performance And Green Innovation Performance: The Mediating Effect Of Open Innovation In: Smes. Retrieved from: https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/entrepreneurial-orientation-export-performance-and-green-innovati (7 December 2022).
Cannavale, C., & Nadali, I.Z. (2019). Entrepreneurial Orientations and Performance: A Problematic Explanatory Approach in the Iranian Knowledge-Based Industry. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 28(1), 68–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0971355718810295
Covin, J., & Slevin, D. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75–87.
Covin, J.G, & Lumpkin, G.T., (2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation Theory and Research: Reflections on a Needed Construct. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(5), 855–872.
Covin, J.G., & Miller, D. (2014). International entrepreneurial orientation: conceptual considerations, research themes, measurement issues, and future research directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(1), 11–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12027
Covin, J.G., & Slevin, D.P. (1991). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(1), 7–25.
Covin, J.G., & Wales, W.J. (2012). The measurement of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(4), 677–702.
Dai, L., Maksimov, V., Gilbert, B.A., & Fernhaber, S.A. (2014). Entrepreneurial orientation and international scope: The differential roles of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(4), 511–524.
Dash, G, & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 173(3). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092
Dembek, K., Sarros, J. C., & Dibben, M. R. (2009). Innovativeness perspective on entrepreneurial orientation: Developing a conceptual model. In: N. Beaumont (ed.), Proceedings of the 23rd ANZAM Conference 2009 – Sustainability Management and Marketing. Melbourne: Promaco Conventions Pty Ltd, 1–18.
Dess, G.G., & Lumpkin, G.T. (2005). The role of entrepreneurial orientation in stimulating corporate entrepreneurship: research briefs. Academy of Management Executive, 19(1), 147–156.
Dimitratos, P., & Plakoyiannaki, E. (2003). Theoretical foundations of an international entrepreneurial culture. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 187–215.
Droge, C., Calantone, R., & Harmancioglu, N. (2008). New product success: is it really controllable by managers in highly turbulent environments?. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(3), 272–286. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540–5885.2008.00300.x
Etemad, H. (2015). Entrepreneurial Orientation – Performance Relationship in the International Context. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 1–6.
Etemad, H. (2022). The evolving international entrepreneurship orientations and international entrepreneurship capital in the rapidly changing and digitizing international environments. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 20, 345–374. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-022-00322-1
Florida, R. (1997). The Globalization of R&D: Results of a Survey of Foreign-affiliated R&D Laboratories in the USA. Research Policy, 6(1), 85–103.
Freeman, S., & Cavusgil, S.T. (2007). Toward a typology of commitment states among managers of bornglobal firms: A study of accelerated internationalization. Journal of International Marketing, 15(4), 1–40.
Głodowska, A., Maciejewski, M., & Wach, K. (2019). How Entrepreneurial Orientation Stimulates Different Types of Knowledge in the Internationalisation Process of Firms from Poland?. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(1), 61–73. doi: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070104
Gupta, V.K, & Gupta, A. (2015). Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance in Large Organizations over Time. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 13(1), 7–27.
Hair, J.F., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027
Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M., & Mena, J.A (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structuralequation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3). doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6
Ipsmiller, E., Dikova, D., & Brouthers, K.D. (2022). Digital Internationalization of Traditional Firms: Virtual Presence and Entrepreneurial Orientation. Journal of International Management, 28(4), 100940. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2022.100940
Jambulingam, T., Kathuria, R., & Doucette, W.R. (2005). Entrepreneurial oriantation as a basis for classification within a service industry: The case of retail pharmacy industry. Journal of Operations Management, 23(1), 23–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2004.09.003
Jin, B.,& Cho, H.J. (2018). Examining the role of international entrepreneurial orientation, domestic market competition, and technological and marketing capabilities on SME’s export performance. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 33(5), 585–598. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-02-2017-0043
Jones, M., & Coviello, N.E. (2005). Internationalization: Conceptualising an Entrepreneurial Process of Behaviour in Time. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(3), 284–303.
Kacprzak, A. (2018). Modelowanie strukturalne w analizie zachowań konsumentów: porównanie metod opartych na analizie kowariancji (CB-SEM) i częściowych najmniejszych kwadratów (PLS-SEM). Handel Wewnętrzny, 6(377), 247–261.
Katsikeas, C., Leonidou, L., & Zeriti, A. (2020). Revisiting international marketing strategy in a digital era. International Marketing. Review, 37(3), 405–424. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-02-2019-0080
Knight, G.A. (1997). Emerging paradigm for international marketing: The born-global firm. Doctoral dissertation. East Lansign, MI: Michigan State University.
Knight, G.A. (2001). Entrepreneurship and strategy in the international SME. Journal of International Management, 7(3), 155–171.
Knight, G.A., & Cavusgil, S.T. (2004). Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born global firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(2), 124–141.
Konarski, R. (2014). Modele równań strukturalnych. Teoria i praktyka. Warszawa: PWN.
Kostiukevych, R., Bilan, Y., Mishchuk, H., Sułkowska, J. & Kostiukevych, A. (2020). Possibilities of Integration of Strategic and Project Management in The Supporting System of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses at Local and Regional Levels. Proceedings of the 35th International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA), 1–12 April 2020, Seville, Spain, 9253–9265.
Kreiser P.M., Marino L., & Weaver K.M. (2002). Assessing the psychometric properties of the entrepreneurial orientation scale: A multi–country analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 71–94.
Kuivalainen, O., Sundqvist, S. & Saarenko, S. (2012). Internationalization Patterns of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. International Marketing Review, 29(5), 448–465.
Kuivalainen, O., Sundqvist, S., & Servais, P. (2007). Firms’ degree of born-globalness, international entrepreneurial orientation and expert performance. Journal of World Business, 42(3), 253–267.
Kusa, R. (2020). Linking relational capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation of an organization. International Entrepreneurship Review, 6(3), 49–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.15678/IER.2020.0603.04
Li, C., Murad, M., Ashraf, S.F., Syed, N., & Riaz, M. (2020). Entrepreneurial nascent behaviour: The role of causation process in opportunity discovery and creation. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 8(4), 183–200. doi: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2020.08041
Lumpkin, G.T., & Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172.
Lumpkin, G.T., & Dess, G.G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(5), 429–451.
McDougall, P.P., & Ovatt, B.M. (2000). International entrepreneurship: The intersection of two research paths. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 902–909.
Meekaewkunchorn, N., Szczepańska-Woszczyna K., Muangmee, C., Kassakorn, N., & Khalid, B. (2021). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance: The mediating role of learning orientation. Economics and Sociology, 14(2), 294–312. doi: https://doi.org/10.14254/2071789X.2021/14–2/16
Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–791.
Onwe, C.C., Ogbo, A., & Ameh, A.A. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation and small firm performance: The moderating role of environmental hostility. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 8(4), 67–84. doi: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2020.080404
Özsomer, A., Calantone, R.J., & Di Benedetto, A. (1997). What makes firms more innovative? A look at organizational and environmental factors. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 12(6), 400–416.
Piecuch, T., & Szczygieł, E. (2021). The issue of intrapreneurship development in corporations. Journal of International Studies, 14(3), 235–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.14254/20718330.2021/14–3/15
Raats, R., & Krakauer, P. (2020). International Entrepreneurial Orientation: Exploring the Brazilian Context. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 8(1), 51–69. doi: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2020.080103
Semrau, T., Ambos, T., & Kraus, S. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance across societal cultures: An international study. Journal of Business Research, 69(5), 19281932.
Sethi, R. & Sethi, A. (2009). Can quality-oriented firms develop innovative new products?. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26(2), 206–221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15405885.2009.00346.x
Shalley, C.E., & Gilson, L.L. (2004). What leaders need to know: a review of social and contextual factors that can foster or hinder creativity. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(1), 33–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.12.004
Sundqvist, S., Kylaheiko, K., & Kuivalainen, O. (2012). Kirznerian and Schumpeterian entrepreneurialoriented behavior in turbulent export markets. International Marketing Review, 29(2), 203–219.
Teles, D., & Schachtebeck, C. (2019). Entrepreneurial Orientation in South African Social Enterprises. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(3), 83–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.07
Wach, K. (2015). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Internationalisation Process: The Theoretical Foundations of International Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 3(2), 9–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2015.030202
Wach, K. (2017). What determines entrepreneurial orientation of Polish internationalized Firms?. Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, X(30), 43–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.33119/ JMFS.2017.30.3
Wach, K., Głodowska, A., & Maciejewski, M. (2018). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Knowledge Utilization and Internationalization of Firms. Sustainability, 10(12), 1–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124711
Wadood, F., Al-Shaikh, M. E., Akbar, F., & Mahmud, M. (2022). Adoption of open innovation and entrepreneurial orientation practices in Malaysian furniture industry. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 10(2), 21–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2022.100202
Zahra, S.A. (1996). Governance, ownership, and corporate entrepreneurship: the moderating impact of industry technical opportunities. The Academy of Management Journal, 39(6), 17131735. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/257076
Żur, A., & Wałęga, A. (2015). Routines do matter: role of internal communication in firm-level entrepreneurship. Baltic Journal of Management, 10(1), 119–139. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-11-2013-0166
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons License (CC BY-ND 4.0; Attribution– NoDerivs).
