Spatial diversity of nanotechnology development in Europe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24917/20801653.291.2Keywords:
biomedical sciences, Europe, knowledge-based economy, nanotechnology, patents, publicationsAbstract
The aim of this article is to present the spatial diversity of nanotechnology development in Europe. The analysis of the nanotechnology development was performed on the national level, using data which illustrated the figures about nanotechnology’s patents, amount and structure of nanotechnology businesses and the number of publications about this topic. In this article the statistical analysis was performed using the data from websites: Cientifica Plc, Biotechgate, Nanoforum, Nanowerk, Nanotechnology Now, Web of Science and PubMed, and the data published by OECD and Eurostat. Nanotechnology is included in one of the main areas of the Science, Technology and Innovation Sector’s activity and is seen to be the technology of the future because of its potential. In 2001 - 2014 more than sixty countries started funding nanotechnology projects. These countries include industrially developed countries, like Western Europe countries, Japan, Canada, Australia, and developing countries, like Russia, China, Brasil, India, Nepal, Pakistan. According to the number of patents in this field, industrially developed countries, for example USA, Japan, Germany, are dominating in this area. In the 1990s there was a significant growth in the number of nanotechnology patents. In Europe this area is dominated by Germany, France and United Kingdom. Based on the number of nanotechnology faculties in the country, we must distinguish Germany and United Kingdom. In Germany there are more faculties operating in business to business relation while in United Kingdom there are more non-profit research centers. Based on the number of patents, nanotechnology faculties, publications and conferences it should be noted that nanotechnology development in Europe is diversified. Nanotechnology is more developed in the industrially developed countries, the most prominent country in Europe is Germany, next ones are: United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Sweden, Netherlands and Spain. Nanotechnology development is stimulated mostly by public research faculties, however the commercialization of this technology is possible because of the private businesses.
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